The Evolution of Education Advocacy in Spokane: A Historical Overview
Introduction
The history of education advocacy in Spokane and Washington state is a multifaceted narrative, shaped by the dedication of organizations like the Spokane Education Association (SEA), Washington Education Association (WEA), and the Washington Association of School Administrators (WASA). These organizations have played pivotal roles in shaping educational policies, advocating for the rights of educators, and striving for better learning environments for students. This article explores the historical milestones, key initiatives, and the ongoing efforts of these associations to improve the educational landscape in Spokane and beyond.
Early Foundations of the Washington Education Association (WEA)
The Washington Education Association (WEA) stands as a significant voice for public educators in Washington, championing quality education, reasonable class sizes, and fair compensation and respect for educators. Founded on April 2-3, 1889, as the Washington State Teachers' Association with 124 members, the WEA has a long history of advocating for improvements in the education system.
Key Achievements from 1915 to the 1960s
During this period, the WEA's efforts led to the establishment of basic education requirements for teachers, the creation of teacher retirement plans, state contributions to school construction, paid sick leave, and the right for classified school employees to collectively bargain. These advancements laid the groundwork for a more professional and supportive environment for educators.
Collective Bargaining and Labor Actions in the Late 1960s and 1970s
In 1968, Tacoma negotiated the state's first true collective bargaining contract for teachers, marking a significant step forward in securing educators' rights. In 1973, teachers in the Evergreen School District defied a court order to end a strike, resulting in the jailing of union leaders for over 40 days. This demonstrated the unwavering commitment of educators to fight for their rights and better working conditions.
Expansion of Collective Bargaining in the 1980s
The 1980s saw the Washington legislature approving a community college collective bargaining law after persistent advocacy by the WEA, further expanding the rights of educators in the state.
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Initiative 732 and the "Day of Action" in the Early 2000s
In 2000, WEA members successfully advocated for the approval of Initiative 732, mandating annual cost-of-living increases for all public school employees. In 2003, the "Day of Action" saw rallies in Spokane, Kennewick, and Olympia, with 25,000 members calling on lawmakers to respect voter-approved class size limits and educator cost-of-living increases.
The Marysville Strike of 2003
The Marysville Education Association held a 50-day strike in 2003, the longest teacher strike in state history. Following an injunction, teachers returned to school and successfully replaced all three incumbent school board members in the fall election, demonstrating the power of collective action.
McCleary Decision and Advocacy for School Levies
In 2004, delegates at the Representative Assembly approved a special dues assessment to support a legal battle over Washington's inadequate education funding, which eventually led to the McCleary decision by the state Supreme Court. In 2007, WEA members successfully advocated for legislative and voter approval to make it easier for local communities to approve school levies. Before this change, levies required a 60 percent supermajority to pass. The state Supreme Court's McCleary ruling in 2012 was a significant victory for Washington students and the WEA coalition, affirming the state's responsibility to fully fund education.
Washington Association of School Administrators (WASA): Supporting School Leaders
The Washington Association of School Administrators (WASA) plays a crucial role in supporting school leaders and advocating for policies that benefit students and schools. WASA's mission is centered around leadership, trust, and advocacy, with a commitment to the education and welfare of Washington State's children.
WASA's Legislative Platform and the McCleary Decision
WASA believes that investing resources in the education and welfare of children is an investment in the future. The organization closely monitors actions taken by the Washington State Legislature, particularly in light of the McCleary v. State of Washington court decision, which addressed the state's responsibility to fully fund basic education.
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Addressing Levy Equalization and Supporting Public Education Funding
In response to the McCleary decision, the Governor called a special session in 2011 to address the issue of levy equalization. WASA supported the Network for Excellence in Washington Schools (NEWS), encouraging districts to join and advocate for fully funding public education and defending the McCleary decision in the State’s appeal to the Supreme Court. WASA is also a member of the Paramount Duty Coalition, formerly the Full Funding Coalition, which includes AWSP, PSE, WEA, and WSSDA.
Teacher Principal Evaluation Process (TPEP) and Common Core State Standards
WASA was involved in the implementation of the Teacher Principal Evaluation Process (TPEP) law, which went into effect in 2013-14 and was based on the concepts of individual growth and accountability. In 2011, Washington adopted the Common Core State Standards in English language arts and mathematics, with WASA playing a role in the adoption and implementation process.
WASA's Internal Structure and National Representation
WASA established a Stable Funding Committee to review an education funding plan and offer a levy equalization component. Washington has three representatives on the AASA Governing Board, representing the eastside, westside, and statewide interests.
Professional Development and Cost Containment
WASA provides expert analysis of district management through WASA Management Reviews. The online tool includes resources for district leaders to assist in policy maintenance, including searchable collective bargaining agreements. The e-Convene® paperless meeting manager service supports collaboration and generates agendas, meeting packets, and minutes, saving time and expense. Cost containment for professional development expenses is critical for WASA members, and the organization is supported by corporate and event sponsors that help keep costs down by paying for speakers, meals, and awards.
Washington State Leadership Academy (WSLA) and Washington Improvement and Implementation Network (WIIN)
WASA partners with AWSP to administer the Washington State Leadership Academy (WSLA), a district-based professional development program funded by the legislature. WSLA's mission is to develop and support school leaders to create educational systems that promote powerful instruction for all students. In 2004, WASA and OSPI partnered to provide a training program for facilitators to assist districts in meeting the “improvement” requirements on No Child Left Behind, known as the Washington Improvement and Implementation Network (WIIN) Specialist Program. This program was initiated in 2011-12.
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The Barbara Mertens Legacy Award
The Barbara Mertens Legacy Award was established in honor of Barbara Mertens, former assistant executive director of Government Relations at WASA, who retired in 2010. The award recognizes individuals or groups who have had a significant impact on public education in Washington, leaving a lasting legacy.
Spokane International Academy (SIA): A Case Study in Charter School Development
Spokane International Academy (SIA) offers a compelling case study in the development and challenges faced by charter schools in Washington State. The school's journey, from its inception to its adaptation to changing legal landscapes, highlights the complexities of educational innovation and advocacy.
Founding and Initial Development
The idea for SIA emerged from discussions among its founding staff, who envisioned creating their ideal school. In November 2013, Mr. Franklin invited a group of educators and community members to learn about opening a charter school. A design team was formed in January 2014, meeting regularly to develop the school's mission statement, logo, teaching philosophy, and curriculum. By July 15th, a comprehensive charter school application was submitted to Spokane Public Schools (SPS).
Chartering Process and Community Support
The founding school board met with SPS to address questions related to the application. A public forum was held on September 10th during an SPS School Board meeting, where over 80 supporters wearing SIA t-shirts demonstrated their support for the school.
Fellowship and Site Preparation
During the 2014-15 school year, Mr. Franklin participated in a fellowship with the Washington State Charter Schools Association, providing SIA with ongoing support in operations, educational program, leadership, and school visits. SIA staff and board members visited schools in various cities to gain insights and best practices. The founding staff also worked to transform the former St. Patrick Catholic School into a functional learning environment, undertaking tasks such as painting, cleaning, and assembling furniture.
Opening and Initial Success
On August 26th, 2015, SIA officially opened its doors to 160 K, 1st, and 6th-grade students. The school day was filled with excitement and successful implementation of logistical aspects.
Legal Challenges and Adaptation
On September 4th, 2015, the Washington State Supreme Court ruled that the funding mechanism for charter schools was unconstitutional, based on a 1909 law requiring common schools to be governed by a locally elected school board. This ruling left SIA in a precarious position.
Partnership with Mary Walker School District
In November 2015, SIA partnered with the Mary Walker School District to become an Alternative Learning Experience (ALE). This required SIA to become part of the district and develop Written Student Learning Plans (WSLPs) for each student, adding significant administrative workload for teachers and staff.
Advocacy and Legislative Action
Throughout the year, SIA staff, students, and families participated in a political campaign to create a new charter school law. Students traveled to Olympia to attend rallies, meet with legislators, and advocate for the over 1,000 students impacted by the change in the charter school law. In February, a new law was passed with support from the legislature, ensuring the continuation of charter schools in Washington State.
Growth and Expansion
SIA has grown to serve over 600 students in grades K-8 with a staff of over 65. In the fall of 2020, SIA moved to its permanent location on E Magnesium Rd. In the fall of 2021, SIA launched a new high school program focused on preparing students for college and career options.
First Peoples' Language/Culture Certification Pilot Program
The First Peoples' Language/Culture Certification Pilot Program represents a collaborative effort between the state of Washington and tribal governments to promote and preserve indigenous languages, cultures, and histories.
Legislative Support and Program Goals
The program was created in statute as a result of legislation and involves partnerships between Washington, the Suquamish Tribe, and the Kalispel Tribe of Indians. Participating tribal governments are authorized to certify individuals who meet the criteria to teach First Peoples' language, culture, and history. Individuals certified by tribal governments may then receive a state certificate.The program encourages schools to work with tribes to provide these educational opportunities, recognizing tribal experts as the most qualified to provide certification. The program aims to create role models for tribal children, provide opportunities for cultural identification, diversify the student body, improve Native American graduation rates, repair societal dysfunction, and strengthen the relationship between tribal and non-tribal people. It is also seen as a strategy to stem high school dropout rates.
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