The Lincoln University: A Legacy of Freedom and Firsts

Nestled in the rolling hills of southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, The Lincoln University stands as a beacon of freedom and opportunity. With its motto, inspired by the Gospel of John, "If the Son shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed," the university embraces its historic role and continues to empower students to shape their futures.

A Pioneer in Higher Education for African Americans

Founded in 1854 as the Ashmun Institute by Rev. John Miller Dickey, The Lincoln University holds the distinction of being the nation’s first degree-granting Historically Black College and University (HBCU). In a time when higher education was largely inaccessible to African Americans, Ashmun Institute emerged as a vital institution, providing opportunities previously unavailable. Like most other HBCUs, The Lincoln University was founded as a private institution, often supported by northern religious mission societies and African American religious philanthropic organizations. Recognizing the limited access to public secondary education for African Americans in the South, early HBCUs also offered preparatory courses at the elementary and high school levels, ensuring students had the necessary foundation for college coursework.

James Amos, a freed slave denied admission to white universities, played a pivotal role in the university's genesis. Rev. Dickey tutored Amos, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Ashmun Institute. The institute was named after Jehudi Ashmun, a religious leader and reformer associated with the American Colonization Society. Rev. John Carter served as the university's first president and Professor of Theology.

While racial barriers in higher education have diminished, HBCUs like The Lincoln University remain crucial in educating African American students. These institutions offer a unique opportunity to explore and celebrate African American culture and heritage in depth. Courtney Clarke, a senior at The Lincoln University, emphasizes that attending an HBCU provides a "full, rich understanding of African American culture" that may not be available at other schools.

From Ashmun Institute to The Lincoln University

The university's early curriculum was divided into preparatory, academic, and theological departments. The Preparatory Department initially spanned three years, focusing on Latin, Greek grammar, and English, mirroring the curriculum of public high schools. As access to secondary education for African Americans increased, the preparatory program was condensed to one year. The Academic Department offered a four-year higher education program encompassing Biblical and Classical Studies, Science, and Philosophy. The Theological Department, a three-year program, awarded the degree of Bachelor of Sacred Theology (BST). Later, the university retroactively awarded a Master’s Degree for their work.

Following the Civil War, the Ashmun Institute transformed into Lincoln University in 1866, honoring President Abraham Lincoln. The amended charter expanded the board of trustees and increased the university's property holding rights and degree-granting authority. The demand for preparatory programs surged as newly freed slaves sought education.

Growth, Evolution, and State Affiliation

The Lincoln University has experienced significant growth throughout the years. From a single graduate in its first graduating class, the university now enrolls approximately 2,000 students. The curriculum has expanded from the original three departments to encompass 22 undergraduate programs and four graduate programs.

Recognizing the university's increasing importance to Pennsylvania, it transitioned from a private institution to a state-related institution in 1972. This public-private hybrid status allows The Lincoln University to receive appropriations from the Pennsylvania government in exchange for tuition discounts for state residents and the inclusion of state officials on the board of trustees.

In 2013, the university underwent a rebranding effort, officially becoming The Lincoln University. The addition of "The" aimed to distinguish it from other institutions with similar names and to emphasize its status as the nation's first degree-granting HBCU.

Controversy and Financial Stability

The Lincoln University's history has not been without challenges. There is ongoing debate regarding whether The Lincoln University or Cheyney University is the first HBCU. While Cheyney University's origins date back to 1837, The Lincoln University graduated its first class in 1859, decades before Cheyney University achieved collegiate status.

The university faced a period of financial instability when the former president, Niara Sudarkasa, misappropriated funds. The state withheld appropriations until Sudarkasa's resignation. Today, under new leadership, The Lincoln University has implemented sound fiscal practices to enhance its stability and self-sufficiency.

Ties to the Civil Rights Movement

The Lincoln University boasts strong connections to the civil rights movement. Hosanna Church, located near the university, served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. James Amos, the university's first student, was a church trustee. Thurgood Marshall, a 1930 graduate, played a pivotal role in ending school segregation as the lead attorney for the NAACP in the Brown vs. Board of Education case. During his time at the university, Marshall became involved in civil rights issues. As a college student, Marshall refused to relinquish his seat at a movie theatre in downtown Philadelphia to a white patron.

A Legacy of "Firsts" and Student Experience

The Lincoln University prides itself on its numerous "firsts," ranging from the first President of Nigeria to the first African American to hold both an M.D. and a Ph.D. The university encourages students to embrace this legacy and strive to become "the first" in their respective fields.

The university's intimate atmosphere and personalized attention from professors foster a strong sense of community. Students appreciate the family-like environment, where they feel valued and supported. As Tiana Robb, a sophomore nursing student, notes, "Teachers here want to help you. I found myself here."

Campus Life and Environment

Lincoln University's main campus spans 422 acres in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. It features 56 buildings and fifteen residence halls accommodating over 1,600 students. The campus boasts modern facilities, including the Ivory V. Nelson Science Center, the International Cultural Center, and the Health and Wellness Center. The Alumni Memorial Arch stands as a prominent landmark at the university's entrance.

Read also: Affording LMU: A Guide

The Langston Hughes Memorial Library houses an extensive collection, including materials bequeathed by the renowned poet and alumnus, Langston Hughes. The Student Union Building serves as a vibrant hub for campus activities, housing the bookstore, café, television and radio studios, and multipurpose rooms.

The Lincoln-Barnes Visual Arts program represents a unique collaboration between Lincoln University and the Barnes Foundation, providing students with access to a world-renowned art collection.

With over 60 student organizations, a vibrant Greek life, and the Royal Court, The Lincoln University offers a diverse and engaging campus experience. The university participates in the NCAA as a Division II institution, competing in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association and the Eastern College Athletic Conference.

Academic Programs and Opportunities

Lincoln University offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines. The History, Pan Africana Studies, Philosophy, and Religion Department offers Bachelor of Science (BS) and Bachelor of Arts (BA) degrees in History, as well as a minor. Students in this program explore the events that have shaped our world from a variety of perspectives.

Notable Alumni

The Lincoln University has produced a remarkable array of accomplished alumni who have made significant contributions in various fields. These include:

Thurgood Marshall: U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Langston Hughes: Harlem Renaissance poet
Christian Fleetwood: Medal of Honor recipient and pioneering African-American editor
Nnamdi Azikiwe: First President of Nigeria
Kwame Nkrumah: First President of Ghana
Gil Scott-Heron: Poet, musician, and author
Horace Mann Bond: an alumnus of Lincoln, became the first African-American president of the university.

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